accomplished by encoding

3.PhonologicalEncoding.When J grammatical encoding has been completed, the message enters the phonological component of the codeasa string of morphemes, and these must now be encoded for sound. This is accomplished by encoding each morpheme into one or more basic phono­logical units or phonemes (from Greek phone "sound"). The morpheme -s ofbitesis converted to the phoneme /s/,chec\to /cek/,stone to /stdn/, thrift to /0rift/, etc.

(Written symbols for phonemes are customarily placed between slant lines to distinguish them from the letters of regular spelling and from the symbols used in phonetic transcription. Just what symbols are used for phonemes is unimportant; one must merely have a different symbol for each phoneme in the language.)